Chronic Ankle Instability Treatment

What You Need To Know

Understanding chronic ankle instability and how it is diagnosed and treated.

Understanding Chronic Ankle Instability

Chronic ankle instability is a condition characterized by a recurring giving way of the outer (lateral) side of the ankle. This condition often develops after repeated ankle sprains. In the beginning, the instability occurs when walking or during activity, but in time, it can even happen when stationary. Though it can occur to anyone, chronic ankle instability is a common problem among athletes.

Chronic ankle instability usually develops following an ankle sprain that has not adequately healed or was not rehabilitated completely. When you sprain your ankle, the connective tissues (ligaments) are stretched or torn, and your ability to balance and stabilize is often affected. Each subsequent sprain leads to further weakening of the ligaments and greater instability.

People with chronic ankle instability often complain of a repeated turning of the ankle, especially on uneven surfaces or during sports, persistent discomfort and swelling, pain or tenderness, and the ankle feeling wobbly. This can be aggravated by obesity, lack of follow-up strengthening exercises, and returning to sports before the ankle fully recovers.

In evaluating your condition, the foot and ankle surgeon will ask about any previous ankle injuries and instability, then examine your ankle to check for tender areas, signs of swelling, and instability. X-rays or other imaging studies may be helpful in further evaluating the ankle and guiding a treatment plan tailored to you.

Treatment and Recovery Options

Treatment for chronic ankle instability is based on the results of the examination and tests, as well as on the patient’s level of activity. Nonsurgical treatment is often the first step and may include physical therapy, bracing, and medications to reduce pain and swelling.

Physical therapy involves various treatments and exercises to strengthen the ankle, improve balance and range of motion, and retrain your muscles. As you progress through rehabilitation, you may also receive training that relates specifically to your activities or sport. Some patients wear an ankle brace to gain support and keep the ankle from turning, which also helps prevent additional sprains. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.

In some cases, the foot and ankle surgeon will recommend surgery based on the degree of instability or lack of response to nonsurgical approaches. Surgery usually involves repair or reconstruction of the damaged ligaments, and the length of recovery will vary depending on the procedure performed.

Recovery and rehabilitation are very important in preventing frequent ankle problems. With the right help and a commitment to the treatment plan, you can get back to your activities stronger and more stable.